7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane

C183H360N28O4 — CID 158176791

About 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane

7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane (PubChem CID 158176791) has the molecular formula C183H360N28O4 and a molecular weight of 3017.08 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane.

Molecular Properties

• Compound Name: 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane
• PubChem CID: 158176791
• Molecular Formula: C183H360N28O4
• Molecular Weight: 3017.08 g/mol
• Exact Mass: 3014.88
• IUPAC Name: 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane
• SMILES: CC(C)(C)N1CCC2(CCNC2)CC1.CC(C)(C)N1CCCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCCC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCOCC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CC1)CNC2.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCN2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCNC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCNCC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCCC2(CCNCC2)C1
• InChI: InChI=1S/5C12H24N2.C12H23N.2C11H22N2.C11H21NO.3C10H20N2.2C10H19NO.C10H19N.C9H18N2.C9H17NO/c1-11(2,3)14-8-5-12(6-9-14)4-7-13-10-12;1-11(2)14-9-5-12(6-10-14)3-7-13-8-4-12;1-11(2,3)14-8-4-5-12(10-14)6-7-13-9-12;1-11(2)14-9-3-4-12(10-14)5-7-13-8-6-12;1-11(2)14-8-5-12(6-9-14)4-3-7-13-10-12;1-11(2)13-9-7-12(8-10-13)5-3-4-6-12;1-10(2)13-7-3-4-11(9-13)5-6-12-8-11;1-10(2)13-7-5-11(9-13)4-3-6-12-8-11;1-10(2)12-6-5-11(8-12)4-3-7-13-9-11;1-9(2)12-5-3-10(4-6-12)7-11-8-10;1-9(2)12-6-4-10(8-12)3-5-11-7-10;1-9(2)12-7-5-10(8-12)4-3-6-11-10;1-9(2)11-7-10(8-11)3-5-12-6-4-10;1-9(2)11-5-3-10(7-11)4-6-12-8-10;1-9(2)11-7-10(8-11)5-3-4-6-10;1-8(2)11-4-3-9(7-11)5-10-6-9;1-8(2)10-5-9(6-10)3-4-11-7-9/h13H,4-10H2,1-3H3;11,13H,3-10H2,1-2H3;13H,4-10H2,1-3H3;2*11,13H,3-10H2,1-2H3;11H,3-10H2,1-2H3;2*10,12H,3-9H2,1-2H3;10H,3-9H2,1-2H3;3*9,11H,3-8H2,1-2H3;2*9H,3-8H2,1-2H3;9H,3-8H2,1-2H3;8,10H,3-7H2,1-2H3;8H,3-7H2,1-2H3
• InChIKey: FYCDLQZTKLVZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• XLogP: 27.67
• TPSA: 224.33 Ų
• H-Bond Donors: 11
• H-Bond Acceptors: 32
• Rotatable Bonds: 15
• Heavy Atoms: 215
• Complexity: —

Lipinski Rule of Five

4 violations

Rule	Value
MW ≤ 500	3017.08
LogP ≤ 5	27.67
H-Bond Donors ≤ 5	11
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 10	32

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane?

The IUPAC name of 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane (CID 158176791) is 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane.

What is the SMILES notation for 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane?

The canonical SMILES for 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane is CC(C)(C)N1CCC2(CCNC2)CC1.CC(C)(C)N1CCCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCCC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CC2(CCOCC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CC1)CNC2.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCN2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCNC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCNCC2)CC1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CCOC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCC2(CNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCCC2(CCNC2)C1.CC(C)N1CCCC2(CCNCC2)C1.

What is the InChIKey of 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane?

The InChIKey is FYCDLQZTKLVZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/5C12H24N2.C12H23N.2C11H22N2.C11H21NO.3C10H20N2.2C10H19NO.C10H19N.C9H18N2.C9H17NO/c1-11(2,3)14-8-5-12(6-9-14)4-7-13-10-12;1-11(2)14-9-5-12(6-10-14)3-7-13-8-4-12;1-11(2,3)14-8-4-5-12(10-14)6-7-13-9-12;1-11(2)14-9-3-4-12(10-14)5-7-13-8-6-12;1-11(2)14-8-5-12(6-9-14)4-3-7-13-10-12;1-11(2)13-9-7-12(8-10-13)5-3-4-6-12;1-10(2)13-7-3-4-11(9-13)5-6-12-8-11;1-10(2)13-7-5-11(9-13)4-3-6-12-8-11;1-10(2)12-6-5-11(8-12)4-3-7-13-9-11;1-9(2)12-5-3-10(4-6-12)7-11-8-10;1-9(2)12-6-4-10(8-12)3-5-11-7-10;1-9(2)12-7-5-10(8-12)4-3-6-11-10;1-9(2)11-7-10(8-11)3-5-12-6-4-10;1-9(2)11-5-3-10(7-11)4-6-12-8-10;1-9(2)11-7-10(8-11)5-3-4-6-10;1-8(2)11-4-3-9(7-11)5-10-6-9;1-8(2)10-5-9(6-10)3-4-11-7-9/h13H,4-10H2,1-3H3;11,13H,3-10H2,1-2H3;13H,4-10H2,1-3H3;2*11,13H,3-10H2,1-2H3;11H,3-10H2,1-2H3;2*10,12H,3-9H2,1-2H3;10H,3-9H2,1-2H3;3*9,11H,3-8H2,1-2H3;2*9H,3-8H2,1-2H3;9H,3-8H2,1-2H3;8,10H,3-7H2,1-2H3;8H,3-7H2,1-2H3.

What are the key properties of 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane?

7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane has a molecular weight of 3017.08 g/mol, XLogP of 27.67, 15 rotatable bonds, 11 hydrogen bond donors, and 32 hydrogen bond acceptors.

Where does this data come from?

All data for 7-tert-butyl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-tert-butyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;8-propan-2-yl-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane;6-propan-2-yl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane;2-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;3-propan-2-yl-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;9-propan-2-yl-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane;2-propan-2-yl-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane;7-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane;2-propan-2-yl-6-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane is sourced from PubChem (CID 158176791), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).