1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate

C121H162F19N27O18 — CID 159042974

About 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate

1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (PubChem CID 159042974) has the molecular formula C121H162F19N27O18 and a molecular weight of 2643.76 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.

Molecular Properties

• Compound Name: 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate
• PubChem CID: 159042974
• Molecular Formula: C121H162F19N27O18
• Molecular Weight: 2643.76 g/mol
• Exact Mass: 2642.23
• IUPAC Name: 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate
• SMILES: CC(C)N1CCn2cc(C(=O)NC3(C)CCN(C(=O)OC(C)C(F)(F)F)CC3)nc2C1.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC(C)(NC(=O)c2cn3c(n2)CN(C2CCC2)CC3)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC(C)(NC(=O)c2cn3c(n2)CNCC3)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3cccnn3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3cnc(C4CC4)nc3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3ncc(F)cn3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F
• InChI: InChI=1S/C23H29F3N4O3.C21H30F3N5O3.C20H24F4N4O3.C20H30F3N5O3.C20H25F3N4O3.C17H24F3N5O3/c1-15(23(24,25)26)33-20(32)29-11-8-21(9-12-29)5-2-10-30(21)19(31)22(6-7-22)17-13-27-18(28-14-17)16-3-4-16;1-14(21(22,23)24)32-19(31)27-8-6-20(2,7-9-27)26-18(30)16-12-29-11-10-28(13-17(29)25-16)15-4-3-5-15;1-13(20(22,23)24)31-17(30)27-9-6-18(7-10-27)3-2-8-28(18)16(29)19(4-5-19)15-25-11-14(21)12-26-15;1-13(2)27-9-10-28-11-15(24-16(28)12-27)17(29)25-19(4)5-7-26(8-6-19)18(30)31-14(3)20(21,22)23;1-14(20(21,22)23)30-17(29)26-12-8-18(9-13-26)5-3-11-27(18)16(28)19(6-7-19)15-4-2-10-24-25-15;1-11(17(18,19)20)28-15(27)24-6-3-16(2,4-7-24)23-14(26)12-10-25-8-5-21-9-13(25)22-12/h13-16H,2-12H2,1H3;12,14-15H,3-11,13H2,1-2H3,(H,26,30);11-13H,2-10H2,1H3;11,13-14H,5-10,12H2,1-4H3,(H,25,29);2,4,10,14H,3,5-9,11-13H2,1H3;10-11,21H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26)
• InChIKey: JWHMCXOSTDZIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• XLogP: 17.53
• TPSA: 474.78 Ų
• H-Bond Donors: 4
• H-Bond Acceptors: 33
• Rotatable Bonds: 21
• Heavy Atoms: 185
• Complexity: —

Lipinski Rule of Five

3 violations

Rule	Value
MW ≤ 500	2643.76
LogP ≤ 5	17.53
H-Bond Donors ≤ 5	4
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 10	33

Computed Properties (RDKit)

• Structural Alerts: {'alert_name': '>_2_ester_groups', 'substructure': 'N/A'}

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate?

The IUPAC name of 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (CID 159042974) is 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.

What is the SMILES notation for 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate?

The canonical SMILES for 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate is CC(C)N1CCn2cc(C(=O)NC3(C)CCN(C(=O)OC(C)C(F)(F)F)CC3)nc2C1.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC(C)(NC(=O)c2cn3c(n2)CN(C2CCC2)CC3)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC(C)(NC(=O)c2cn3c(n2)CNCC3)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3cccnn3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3cnc(C4CC4)nc3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F.CC(OC(=O)N1CCC2(CCCN2C(=O)C2(c3ncc(F)cn3)CC2)CC1)C(F)(F)F.

What is the InChIKey of 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate?

The InChIKey is JWHMCXOSTDZIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/C23H29F3N4O3.C21H30F3N5O3.C20H24F4N4O3.C20H30F3N5O3.C20H25F3N4O3.C17H24F3N5O3/c1-15(23(24,25)26)33-20(32)29-11-8-21(9-12-29)5-2-10-30(21)19(31)22(6-7-22)17-13-27-18(28-14-17)16-3-4-16;1-14(21(22,23)24)32-19(31)27-8-6-20(2,7-9-27)26-18(30)16-12-29-11-10-28(13-17(29)25-16)15-4-3-5-15;1-13(20(22,23)24)31-17(30)27-9-6-18(7-10-27)3-2-8-28(18)16(29)19(4-5-19)15-25-11-14(21)12-26-15;1-13(2)27-9-10-28-11-15(24-16(28)12-27)17(29)25-19(4)5-7-26(8-6-19)18(30)31-14(3)20(21,22)23;1-14(20(21,22)23)30-17(29)26-12-8-18(9-13-26)5-3-11-27(18)16(28)19(6-7-19)15-4-2-10-24-25-15;1-11(17(18,19)20)28-15(27)24-6-3-16(2,4-7-24)23-14(26)12-10-25-8-5-21-9-13(25)22-12/h13-16H,2-12H2,1H3;12,14-15H,3-11,13H2,1-2H3,(H,26,30);11-13H,2-10H2,1H3;11,13-14H,5-10,12H2,1-4H3,(H,25,29);2,4,10,14H,3,5-9,11-13H2,1H3;10-11,21H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26).

What are the key properties of 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate?

1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate has a molecular weight of 2643.76 g/mol, XLogP of 17.53, 21 rotatable bonds, 4 hydrogen bond donors, and 33 hydrogen bond acceptors.

Where does this data come from?

All data for 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-[(7-cyclobutyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-[1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-[(7-propan-2-yl-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-methyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate;1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl 1-(1-pyridazin-3-ylcyclopropanecarbonyl)-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate is sourced from PubChem (CID 159042974), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).