5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile

C164H175BBr3ClN34O19 — CID 167680043

About 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile

5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (PubChem CID 167680043) has the molecular formula C164H175BBr3ClN34O19 and a molecular weight of 3212.40 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile.

Molecular Properties

• Compound Name: 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
• PubChem CID: 167680043
• Molecular Formula: C164H175BBr3ClN34O19
• Molecular Weight: 3212.40 g/mol
• Exact Mass: 3207.11
• IUPAC Name: 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
• SMILES: Brc1ccc2c(c1)[nH]c1ccncc12.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(-c3ccc4c(c3)[nH]c3ccncc34)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(B(O)O)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(Br)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCNCC1)OC.N#Cc1cc(-c2ccc3c(c2)[nH]c2ccncc23)cnc1N1CCC(CC=O)CC1.N#Cc1cc(-c2ccc3c(c2)[nH]c2ccncc23)cnc1N1CCC(CCN2CCN(c3ccc4c(c3)C(=O)N(C3CCC(=O)NC3=O)C4=O)CC2)CC1.N#Cc1cc(Br)cnc1Cl.O=C1CCC(N2C(=O)c3ccc(N4CCNCC4)cc3C2=O)C(=O)N1
• InChI: InChI=1S/C41H39N9O4.C26H27N5O2.C24H21N5O.C17H18N4O4.C15H22BN3O4.C15H20BrN3O2.C11H7BrN2.C9H19NO2.C6H2BrClN2/c42-22-27-19-28(26-1-3-30-33-24-43-11-7-34(33)45-35(30)20-26)23-44-38(27)49-13-9-25(10-14-49)8-12-47-15-17-48(18-16-47)29-2-4-31-32(21-29)41(54)50(40(31)53)36-5-6-37(51)46-39(36)52;1-32-25(33-2)11-17-6-9-31(10-7-17)26-19(14-27)12-20(15-29-26)18-3-4-21-22-16-28-8-5-23(22)30-24(21)13-18;25-13-18-11-19(14-27-24(18)29-8-4-16(5-9-29)6-10-30)17-1-2-20-21-15-26-7-3-22(21)28-23(20)12-17;22-14-4-3-13(15(23)19-14)21-16(24)11-2-1-10(9-12(11)17(21)25)20-7-5-18-6-8-20;1-22-14(23-2)7-11-3-5-19(6-4-11)15-12(9-17)8-13(10-18-15)16(20)21;1-20-14(21-2)7-11-3-5-19(6-4-11)15-12(9-17)8-13(16)10-18-15;12-7-1-2-8-9-6-13-4-3-10(9)14-11(8)5-7;1-11-9(12-2)7-8-3-5-10-6-4-8;7-5-1-4(2-9)6(8)10-3-5/h1-4,7,11,19-21,23-25,36,45H,5-6,8-10,12-18H2,(H,46,51,52);3-5,8,12-13,15-17,25,30H,6-7,9-11H2,1-2H3;1-3,7,10-12,14-16,28H,4-6,8-9H2;1-2,9,13,18H,3-8H2,(H,19,22,23);8,10-11,14,20-21H,3-7H2,1-2H3;8,10-11,14H,3-7H2,1-2H3;1-6,14H;8-10H,3-7H2,1-2H3;1,3H
• InChIKey: VJYGSHWNKLRVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• XLogP: 22.95
• TPSA: 683.25 Ų
• H-Bond Donors: 10
• H-Bond Acceptors: 45
• Rotatable Bonds: 34
• Heavy Atoms: 222
• Complexity: —

Lipinski Rule of Five

4 violations

Rule	Value
MW ≤ 500	3212.40
LogP ≤ 5	22.95
H-Bond Donors ≤ 5	10
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 10	45

Computed Properties (RDKit)

• Structural Alerts: {'alert_name': '2-halo_pyridine', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'aldehyde', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'heavy_metal', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'het-C-het_not_in_ring', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'phthalimide', 'substructure': 'N/A'}

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile?

The IUPAC name of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (CID 167680043) is 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile.

What is the SMILES notation for 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile?

The canonical SMILES for 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile is Brc1ccc2c(c1)[nH]c1ccncc12.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(-c3ccc4c(c3)[nH]c3ccncc34)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(B(O)O)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCN(c2ncc(Br)cc2C#N)CC1)OC.COC(CC1CCNCC1)OC.N#Cc1cc(-c2ccc3c(c2)[nH]c2ccncc23)cnc1N1CCC(CC=O)CC1.N#Cc1cc(-c2ccc3c(c2)[nH]c2ccncc23)cnc1N1CCC(CCN2CCN(c3ccc4c(c3)C(=O)N(C3CCC(=O)NC3=O)C4=O)CC2)CC1.N#Cc1cc(Br)cnc1Cl.O=C1CCC(N2C(=O)c3ccc(N4CCNCC4)cc3C2=O)C(=O)N1.

What is the InChIKey of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile?

The InChIKey is VJYGSHWNKLRVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/C41H39N9O4.C26H27N5O2.C24H21N5O.C17H18N4O4.C15H22BN3O4.C15H20BrN3O2.C11H7BrN2.C9H19NO2.C6H2BrClN2/c42-22-27-19-28(26-1-3-30-33-24-43-11-7-34(33)45-35(30)20-26)23-44-38(27)49-13-9-25(10-14-49)8-12-47-15-17-48(18-16-47)29-2-4-31-32(21-29)41(54)50(40(31)53)36-5-6-37(51)46-39(36)52;1-32-25(33-2)11-17-6-9-31(10-7-17)26-19(14-27)12-20(15-29-26)18-3-4-21-22-16-28-8-5-23(22)30-24(21)13-18;25-13-18-11-19(14-27-24(18)29-8-4-16(5-9-29)6-10-30)17-1-2-20-21-15-26-7-3-22(21)28-23(20)12-17;22-14-4-3-13(15(23)19-14)21-16(24)11-2-1-10(9-12(11)17(21)25)20-7-5-18-6-8-20;1-22-14(23-2)7-11-3-5-19(6-4-11)15-12(9-17)8-13(10-18-15)16(20)21;1-20-14(21-2)7-11-3-5-19(6-4-11)15-12(9-17)8-13(16)10-18-15;12-7-1-2-8-9-6-13-4-3-10(9)14-11(8)5-7;1-11-9(12-2)7-8-3-5-10-6-4-8;7-5-1-4(2-9)6(8)10-3-5/h1-4,7,11,19-21,23-25,36,45H,5-6,8-10,12-18H2,(H,46,51,52);3-5,8,12-13,15-17,25,30H,6-7,9-11H2,1-2H3;1-3,7,10-12,14-16,28H,4-6,8-9H2;1-2,9,13,18H,3-8H2,(H,19,22,23);8,10-11,14,20-21H,3-7H2,1-2H3;8,10-11,14H,3-7H2,1-2H3;1-6,14H;8-10H,3-7H2,1-2H3;1,3H.

What are the key properties of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile?

5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile has a molecular weight of 3212.40 g/mol, XLogP of 22.95, 34 rotatable bonds, 10 hydrogen bond donors, and 45 hydrogen bond acceptors.

Where does this data come from?

All data for 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile;5-bromo-2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;7-bromo-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole;[5-cyano-6-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]boronic acid;4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidine;2-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-[4-[2-[4-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile;2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-5-piperazin-1-ylisoindole-1,3-dione;2-[4-(2-oxoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-7-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile is sourced from PubChem (CID 167680043), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).