(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C73H123N21O21S — CID 25086564

IUPAC(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
SMILESCC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)O
InChIInChI=1S/C73H123N21O21S/c1-11-40(8)60(94-58(100)35-81-56(98)34-82-62(104)44(75)29-37(2)3)71(113)90-48(22-24-59(101)102)64(106)84-41(9)61(103)86-47(21-23-54(76)96)66(108)88-46(15-12-13-26-74)65(107)89-49(25-28-116-10)67(109)91-50(30-38(4)5)68(110)92-51(31-39(6)7)69(111)93-52(32-42-17-19-43(95)20-18-42)70(112)87-45(16-14-27-80-73(78)79)63(105)83-36-57(99)85-53(72(114)115)33-55(77)97/h17-20,37-41,44-53,60,95H,11-16,21-36,74-75H2,1-10H3,(H2,76,96)(H2,77,97)(H,81,98)(H,82,104)(H,83,105)(H,84,106)(H,85,99)(H,86,103)(H,87,112)(H,88,108)(H,89,107)(H,90,113)(H,91,109)(H,92,110)(H,93,111)(H,94,100)(H,101,102)(H,114,115)(H4,78,79,80)/t40-,41-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,60-/m0/s1
InChIKeyHTUHJACSXUAZEV-XOAXEFIQSA-N
MW1662.98 g/mol
LogP-5.83
Rot. Bonds58

About (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid (PubChem CID 25086564) has the molecular formula C73H123N21O21S and a molecular weight of 1662.98 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid.

Molecular Properties

Compound Name(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
PubChem CID25086564
Molecular FormulaC73H123N21O21S
Molecular Weight1662.98 g/mol
Exact Mass1661.89
IUPAC Name(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
SMILESCC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)O
InChIInChI=1S/C73H123N21O21S/c1-11-40(8)60(94-58(100)35-81-56(98)34-82-62(104)44(75)29-37(2)3)71(113)90-48(22-24-59(101)102)64(106)84-41(9)61(103)86-47(21-23-54(76)96)66(108)88-46(15-12-13-26-74)65(107)89-49(25-28-116-10)67(109)91-50(30-38(4)5)68(110)92-51(31-39(6)7)69(111)93-52(32-42-17-19-43(95)20-18-42)70(112)87-45(16-14-27-80-73(78)79)63(105)83-36-57(99)85-53(72(114)115)33-55(77)97/h17-20,37-41,44-53,60,95H,11-16,21-36,74-75H2,1-10H3,(H2,76,96)(H2,77,97)(H,81,98)(H,82,104)(H,83,105)(H,84,106)(H,85,99)(H,86,103)(H,87,112)(H,88,108)(H,89,107)(H,90,113)(H,91,109)(H,92,110)(H,93,111)(H,94,100)(H,101,102)(H,114,115)(H4,78,79,80)/t40-,41-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,60-/m0/s1
InChIKeyHTUHJACSXUAZEV-XOAXEFIQSA-N
XLogP-5.83
TPSA704.85 Ų
H-Bond Donors23
H-Bond Acceptors23
Rotatable Bonds58
Heavy Atoms116
Complexity

Lipinski Rule of Five

3 violations

RuleValue
MW ≤ 5001662.98
LogP ≤ 5-5.83
H-Bond Donors ≤ 523
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 1023

Computed Properties (RDKit)

Structural Alerts{'alert_name': 'Aliphatic_long_chain', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'imine_1', 'substructure': 'N/A'}, {'alert_name': 'imine_2', 'substructure': 'N/A'}

Analyze (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid with MolForge

Explore ADMET properties, 3D molecular structure, drug-likeness score, and discover similar compounds using our AI-powered platform.

Launch Full Analysis

Related Compounds

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid?
The IUPAC name of (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid (CID 25086564) is (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid.
What is the SMILES notation for (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid?
The canonical SMILES for (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid is CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)O.
What is the InChIKey of (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid?
The InChIKey is HTUHJACSXUAZEV-XOAXEFIQSA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/C73H123N21O21S/c1-11-40(8)60(94-58(100)35-81-56(98)34-82-62(104)44(75)29-37(2)3)71(113)90-48(22-24-59(101)102)64(106)84-41(9)61(103)86-47(21-23-54(76)96)66(108)88-46(15-12-13-26-74)65(107)89-49(25-28-116-10)67(109)91-50(30-38(4)5)68(110)92-51(31-39(6)7)69(111)93-52(32-42-17-19-43(95)20-18-42)70(112)87-45(16-14-27-80-73(78)79)63(105)83-36-57(99)85-53(72(114)115)33-55(77)97/h17-20,37-41,44-53,60,95H,11-16,21-36,74-75H2,1-10H3,(H2,76,96)(H2,77,97)(H,81,98)(H,82,104)(H,83,105)(H,84,106)(H,85,99)(H,86,103)(H,87,112)(H,88,108)(H,89,107)(H,90,113)(H,91,109)(H,92,110)(H,93,111)(H,94,100)(H,101,102)(H,114,115)(H4,78,79,80)/t40-,41-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,60-/m0/s1.
What are the key properties of (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid?
(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid has a molecular weight of 1662.98 g/mol, XLogP of -5.83, 58 rotatable bonds, 23 hydrogen bond donors, and 23 hydrogen bond acceptors.
Where does this data come from?
All data for (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid is sourced from PubChem (CID 25086564), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).