(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid

C86H164N20O16 — CID 102418288

IUPAC(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
SMILESCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O
InChIInChI=1S/C86H164N20O16/c1-50(2)42-65(93-58(17)107)79(114)96-59(30-18-24-36-87)73(108)94-61(32-20-26-38-89)75(110)100-69(46-54(9)10)83(118)104-67(44-52(5)6)81(116)98-63(34-22-28-40-91)77(112)102-71(48-56(13)14)85(120)103-66(43-51(3)4)80(115)97-60(31-19-25-37-88)74(109)95-62(33-21-27-39-90)76(111)101-70(47-55(11)12)84(119)105-68(45-53(7)8)82(117)99-64(35-23-29-41-92)78(113)106-72(86(121)122)49-57(15)16/h50-57,59-72H,18-49,87-92H2,1-17H3,(H,93,107)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,114)(H,97,115)(H,98,116)(H,99,117)(H,100,110)(H,101,111)(H,102,112)(H,103,120)(H,104,118)(H,105,119)(H,106,113)(H,121,122)/t59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-/m0/s1
InChIKeyNENOZXYXLNPKGK-ZJYHGZGPSA-N
MW1734.38 g/mol
LogP2.02
Rot. Bonds68

About (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid

(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid (PubChem CID 102418288) has the molecular formula C86H164N20O16 and a molecular weight of 1734.38 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid.

Molecular Properties

Compound Name(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
PubChem CID102418288
Molecular FormulaC86H164N20O16
Molecular Weight1734.38 g/mol
Exact Mass1733.26
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
SMILESCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O
InChIInChI=1S/C86H164N20O16/c1-50(2)42-65(93-58(17)107)79(114)96-59(30-18-24-36-87)73(108)94-61(32-20-26-38-89)75(110)100-69(46-54(9)10)83(118)104-67(44-52(5)6)81(116)98-63(34-22-28-40-91)77(112)102-71(48-56(13)14)85(120)103-66(43-51(3)4)80(115)97-60(31-19-25-37-88)74(109)95-62(33-21-27-39-90)76(111)101-70(47-55(11)12)84(119)105-68(45-53(7)8)82(117)99-64(35-23-29-41-92)78(113)106-72(86(121)122)49-57(15)16/h50-57,59-72H,18-49,87-92H2,1-17H3,(H,93,107)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,114)(H,97,115)(H,98,116)(H,99,117)(H,100,110)(H,101,111)(H,102,112)(H,103,120)(H,104,118)(H,105,119)(H,106,113)(H,121,122)/t59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-/m0/s1
InChIKeyNENOZXYXLNPKGK-ZJYHGZGPSA-N
XLogP2.02
TPSA600.82 Ų
H-Bond Donors21
H-Bond Acceptors21
Rotatable Bonds68
Heavy Atoms122
Complexity—

Lipinski Rule of Five

3 violations

RuleValue
MW ≤ 5001734.38
LogP ≤ 52.02
H-Bond Donors ≤ 521
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 1021

Computed Properties (RDKit)

Structural Alerts{'alert_name': 'Aliphatic_long_chain', 'substructure': 'N/A'}

Analyze (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid with MolForge

Explore ADMET properties, 3D molecular structure, drug-likeness score, and discover similar compounds using our AI-powered platform.

Launch Full Analysis

Related Compounds

(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoic acid
CID 134687092
2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-(2-aminopropanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
CID 18236775
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
CID 44817101
(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-amino-N-[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]hexanamide
CID 10034407
(2S)-2-acetamido-6-amino-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]hexanamide
CID 171351899
2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-(2-aminopropanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]butanedioic acid
CID 18236768
6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-(2,6-diaminohexanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
CID 18306476
(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoic acid
CID 88862190
(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
CID 102595279
(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
CID 54575440
acetic acid;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
CID 56845970
(2S)-2-[[(2R)-6-amino-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
CID 129449902

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid?
The IUPAC name of (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid (CID 102418288) is (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid.
What is the SMILES notation for (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid?
The canonical SMILES for (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid is CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O.
What is the InChIKey of (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid?
The InChIKey is NENOZXYXLNPKGK-ZJYHGZGPSA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/C86H164N20O16/c1-50(2)42-65(93-58(17)107)79(114)96-59(30-18-24-36-87)73(108)94-61(32-20-26-38-89)75(110)100-69(46-54(9)10)83(118)104-67(44-52(5)6)81(116)98-63(34-22-28-40-91)77(112)102-71(48-56(13)14)85(120)103-66(43-51(3)4)80(115)97-60(31-19-25-37-88)74(109)95-62(33-21-27-39-90)76(111)101-70(47-55(11)12)84(119)105-68(45-53(7)8)82(117)99-64(35-23-29-41-92)78(113)106-72(86(121)122)49-57(15)16/h50-57,59-72H,18-49,87-92H2,1-17H3,(H,93,107)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,114)(H,97,115)(H,98,116)(H,99,117)(H,100,110)(H,101,111)(H,102,112)(H,103,120)(H,104,118)(H,105,119)(H,106,113)(H,121,122)/t59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-/m0/s1.
What are the key properties of (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid?
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid has a molecular weight of 1734.38 g/mol, XLogP of 2.02, 68 rotatable bonds, 21 hydrogen bond donors, and 21 hydrogen bond acceptors.
Where does this data come from?
All data for (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid is sourced from PubChem (CID 102418288), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).