(3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid

C128H186FN25O30 — CID 156666088

About (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid

(3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid (PubChem CID 156666088) has the molecular formula C128H186FN25O30 and a molecular weight of 2574.04 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid.

Molecular Properties

• Compound Name: (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid
• PubChem CID: 156666088
• Molecular Formula: C128H186FN25O30
• Molecular Weight: 2574.04 g/mol
• Exact Mass: 2572.38
• IUPAC Name: (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid
• SMILES: CC(C)(C)NC(CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2)nn1)(CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2)nn1)CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2F)nn1
• InChI: InChI=1S/C128H186FN25O30/c1-127(2,3)142-128(35-32-115(155)130-41-56-167-74-77-179-93-105-90-149(143-139-105)53-59-170-62-65-173-68-71-176-80-83-182-108-27-19-96(20-28-108)111(87-118(158)159)152-50-47-146(124(152)164)44-7-13-102-24-16-98-10-4-38-133-121(98)136-102,36-33-116(156)131-42-57-168-75-78-180-94-106-91-150(144-140-106)54-60-171-63-66-174-69-72-177-81-84-183-109-29-21-97(22-30-109)112(88-119(160)161)153-51-48-147(125(153)165)45-8-14-103-25-17-99-11-5-39-134-122(99)137-103)37-34-117(157)132-43-58-169-76-79-181-95-107-92-151(145-141-107)55-61-172-64-67-175-70-73-178-82-85-184-114-31-23-101(86-110(114)129)113(89-120(162)163)154-52-49-148(126(154)166)46-9-15-104-26-18-100-12-6-40-135-123(100)138-104/h16-31,86,90-92,111-113,142H,4-15,32-85,87-89,93-95H2,1-3H3,(H,130,155)(H,131,156)(H,132,157)(H,133,136)(H,134,137)(H,135,138)(H,158,159)(H,160,161)(H,162,163)/t111-,112-,113-/m0/s1
• InChIKey: HZLIBXPEBLTOJZ-LBGSWOAISA-N
• XLogP: 9.72
• TPSA: 614.91 Ų
• H-Bond Donors: 10
• H-Bond Acceptors: 43
• Rotatable Bonds: 97
• Heavy Atoms: 184
• Complexity: —

Lipinski Rule of Five

4 violations

Rule	Value
MW ≤ 500	2574.04
LogP ≤ 5	9.72
H-Bond Donors ≤ 5	10
H-Bond Acceptors ≤ 10	43

Computed Properties (RDKit)

• Structural Alerts: {'alert_name': 'Aliphatic_long_chain', 'substructure': 'N/A'}

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the IUPAC name of (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid?

The IUPAC name of (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid (CID 156666088) is (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid.

What is the SMILES notation for (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid?

The canonical SMILES for (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid is CC(C)(C)NC(CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2)nn1)(CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2)nn1)CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCc1cn(CCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc([C@H](CC(=O)O)N3CCN(CCCc4ccc5c(n4)NCCC5)C3=O)cc2F)nn1.

What is the InChIKey of (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid?

The InChIKey is HZLIBXPEBLTOJZ-LBGSWOAISA-N. The full InChI is InChI=1S/C128H186FN25O30/c1-127(2,3)142-128(35-32-115(155)130-41-56-167-74-77-179-93-105-90-149(143-139-105)53-59-170-62-65-173-68-71-176-80-83-182-108-27-19-96(20-28-108)111(87-118(158)159)152-50-47-146(124(152)164)44-7-13-102-24-16-98-10-4-38-133-121(98)136-102,36-33-116(156)131-42-57-168-75-78-180-94-106-91-150(144-140-106)54-60-171-63-66-174-69-72-177-81-84-183-109-29-21-97(22-30-109)112(88-119(160)161)153-51-48-147(125(153)165)45-8-14-103-25-17-99-11-5-39-134-122(99)137-103)37-34-117(157)132-43-58-169-76-79-181-95-107-92-151(145-141-107)55-61-172-64-67-175-70-73-178-82-85-184-114-31-23-101(86-110(114)129)113(89-120(162)163)154-52-49-148(126(154)166)46-9-15-104-26-18-100-12-6-40-135-123(100)138-104/h16-31,86,90-92,111-113,142H,4-15,32-85,87-89,93-95H2,1-3H3,(H,130,155)(H,131,156)(H,132,157)(H,133,136)(H,134,137)(H,135,138)(H,158,159)(H,160,161)(H,162,163)/t111-,112-,113-/m0/s1.

What are the key properties of (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid?

(3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid has a molecular weight of 2574.04 g/mol, XLogP of 9.72, 97 rotatable bonds, 10 hydrogen bond donors, and 43 hydrogen bond acceptors.

Where does this data come from?

All data for (3S)-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[[4-(tert-butylamino)-4-[3-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-fluorophenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-7-[2-[2-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]ethyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-7-oxoheptanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxymethyl]triazol-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propanoic acid is sourced from PubChem (CID 156666088), the world's largest open chemistry database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NIH).