Isoflurane
General Anesthetic — NERVOUS SYSTEM
Also known as: 1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, forane, forene, isoforine, isorrane
Data last refreshed: (DrugCentral release 2024-11-01)
Key facts
Isoflurane is an ofp drug in the General Anesthetic class catalogued in DrugCentral. It was first approved by the FDA in 1979. DrugCentral lists 8 molecular targets, including HTR2B, KCNK2 and KCNK3. Recorded indications include General anesthesia.
- Approval status: ofp (first approved 1979 by the FDA).
- Drug class: General Anesthetic.
- Molecular targets: HTR2B, KCNK2, KCNK3 and KCNK9 (8 listed in DrugCentral).
- Indications: General anesthesia.
- ATC code: N01AB06 (Halogenated hydrocarbons).
- Molecular formula: C3H2ClF5O; molecular weight 184.49 g/mol.
Indications & contraindications
Drug–disease relationships curated by DrugCentral (OMOP / SNOMED concepts).
Indications (1)
- General anesthesia
Contraindications (5)
- Disease of liver
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Hyperkalemia
- Low blood pressure
- Malignant hyperthermia
Mechanism & targets
| Established pharmacologic class | General Anesthetic |
|---|
Molecular targets (8)
| Target | Gene | Action | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B | HTR2B | unknown | Ki 5.11 |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 | KCNK2 | opener | — |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 | KCNK3 | opener | — |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 | KCNK9 | opener | — |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 10 | KCNK10 | opener | — |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 | KCNK18 | opener | — |
| Glycine receptor (alpha-1/beta) | GLRA1|GLRB | other | — |
| GABA-A receptor; anion channel | GABRP|GABRD|GABRA1|GABRB1|GABRG2|GABRB3|GABRA5|GABRA3|GABRA2|GABRB2|GABRA4|GABRE|GABRA6|GABRG1|GABRG3|GABRQ | positive allosteric modulator | — |
Regulatory approvals (1)
| Date | Agency | Marketed as | Applicant | Orphan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979-12-18 | FDA | — | BAXTER HLTHCARE |
ATC classification
| ATC code | Therapeutic hierarchy |
|---|---|
N01AB06 | NERVOUS SYSTEM › ANESTHETICS › ANESTHETICS, GENERAL › Halogenated hydrocarbons |
Pharmacogenomics
Drug-label and guideline annotations from PharmGKB and CPIC.
- EMA label
- FDA label: CACNA1S, RYR1 · Actionable PGx
- HCSC label: CACNA1S, RYR1 · Actionable PGx
Reported adverse-event signals
Strongest FDA FAERS disproportionality signals (log-likelihood ratio). A signal is a statistical association in spontaneous reports, not proof that the drug causes the event.
| MedDRA term | LLR |
|---|---|
| Hyperthermia malignant | 546.6 |
| Apnoea | 230.4 |
| Necrosis ischaemic | 230.1 |
| Intestinal ischaemia | 227.2 |
| Post procedural complication | 211.1 |
| Hypotension | 206.0 |
| Mitochondrial DNA mutation | 180.9 |
| Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | 180.2 |
| Propofol infusion syndrome | 159.2 |
| Intra-abdominal pressure increased | 150.3 |
| Blood lactic acid increased | 137.8 |
| Metabolic acidosis | 137.8 |
Chemical structure
Full physicochemical, ADMET and 3D-structure analysis of Isoflurane is on its molecule page.
| Molecular formula | C3H2ClF5O |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 184.49 g/mol |
| CAS number | 26675-46-7 |
| InChIKey | PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 3763 |
Frequently asked questions
Answers are generated from the structured data on this page, not written by hand.
What is Isoflurane used for?
DrugCentral lists the following indications for Isoflurane: General anesthesia.
How does Isoflurane work?
Its molecular targets in DrugCentral include HTR2B, KCNK2 (opener), KCNK3 (opener) and KCNK9 (opener).
When was Isoflurane first approved?
Isoflurane was first approved by the FDA in 1979.
What drug class does Isoflurane belong to?
Isoflurane is in the General Anesthetic class.
What is the chemical formula of Isoflurane?
Isoflurane has the molecular formula C3H2ClF5O and a molecular weight of 184.49 g/mol.
Browse: all drugs starting with I · drug guides by category · protein targets A–Z.
Sources
- DrugCentral drug card 1493 — structure, indications, targets, approvals, pharmacologic classes (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- ChEMBL CHEMBL1256 — compound record and bioactivity
- PubChem CID 3763 — chemical identifiers
- DrugBank DB00753 — drug record
- FDA UNII CYS9AKD70P — substance identity
- DailyMed: FDA labels for Isoflurane — current prescribing information (label search)
- UniProt P41595 (HTR2B) — target protein
- UniProt O95069 (KCNK2) — target protein
- UniProt O14649 (KCNK3) — target protein
- UniProt Q9NPC2 (KCNK9) — target protein
- UniProt P57789 (KCNK10) — target protein
- UniProt Q7Z418 (KCNK18) — target protein
- FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (openFDA FAERS) — adverse-event signals, as aggregated by DrugCentral
- PharmGKB / CPIC — pharmacogenomic label annotations
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